Grammar and Style

Here’s a quote from a letter in today’s ST Online Forum:

Grammar is something that cannot be imitated. Either you know it for sure, or you don’t. There is no style and definitely no guesswork in grammar.

I just want to make the point that there is a lot of style in grammar – every time I make a decision to use a particular grammar (say, passive or active voice), I am using grammar to style my writing. When I decide to bend the grammar rules to evoke a certain tone or atmosphere in my writing, I am using grammar to style my writing. Do a quick google and you can see that grammar and style often come together in books, teaching materials or discussions.

I understand that unless you study language or the teaching of language, there is a lot that people do not understand about language and how it works. And I am trying to not get annoyed by letters to the ST Forum from these people who think they know all there is to know about language just because they have a functional use of it. But really, do a little research before you write something for the whole of Singapore to see.


SGEM again?

You know what this means? More annoying ST forum letters. So here I am again, being pissy with ST forum letter writers.

Don’t mix Singlish with identity by Dr Lee Siew Peng

In your dreams. As long as language is used by people to communicate ideas, thoughts and values you will never be able to separate language from identity. Also, structure your letter better because it was really difficult to follow.

Reinstate grammar as a primary pillar by Padmini Kesavapany

I was happily nodding along to this letter (I completely agree that if you are going to teach EL at any level, you need to have a good grasp of the grammar of the language) until the end. A lot of people believe that if you teach grammar rules, students will write / speak better. I don’t believe so. There are, of course, certain rules that need to be taught but to teach every single grammar rule out there and to make the students memorise them isn’t going to make them better users of the language. It’s going to overwhelm them and make them hate EL lessons.

Good English in two words by Cho Yan Fatt

Ok this was a really random letter. Why the need to write in to inform Singaporeans how to use the words “spoiled” and “pax”? Who is going to read the ST forum and go, oh yeah, I must remember this!


Gerunds and Random Nonsense

Do you know what they are? Because Singlish guys from sixlives does. I had to look it up. So thank you sixlives for improving my English (not really).

Yes, I’m reading the not-very-exciting sixlives blog again when I should really be doing work. Or having dinner. Or watching the much superior Law and Order. Heck, even crappy Smallville is superior to the sixlives blog.

And someone wrote in the ST Forum (oh why do I bother) about how Singlish isn’t part of our culture because it hasn’t been around for 100 years. I didn’t realise that to be considered a cultural characteristic, something had to be at least 100 years old. Tortured myself by reading through all the subsequent discussion. It was extremely annoying to see people use it as a platform to show off their *ahem* brilliant English skills. But I can only blame myself for causing me so much grief.

I wonder if it a Singaporean thing in which we believe that the more obscure the word we use in our communications, the better our standard of English. Probably not.

There’s a new episode of Merlin out tonight! It’s rather Uther and Merlin centric I think. Hopefully it’ll be fun!

The wedding downstairs is so loud I can feel the music. Oh I can hear the music too but that doesn’t bother me as much as the vibrations.

Nanowrimo is coming up again. So tempted.


The Language Elite

Disclaimer: This is my little rant on those who like to pick on other people’s English. I used to act like this and sometimes still do. Perils of the job? However, I think that it is a nasty habit and one that I need to work on.

You know, being able to speak good English doesn’t make you a better / smarter person. In fact, it doesn’t say anything about you except that you have good linguistic ability.

I often get the impression that many Singaporeans who believe that they speak / use good English are very intolerant of those who are less competent with the language. This would explain the glee in which take when they point out mistakes they find in public signs, other people’s blog posts etc. It’s often never done in a I-want-to-help-you-improve sort of tone but more in a hey-look-how-much-better-I-am tone.

I may not be a fan of the whole SGE movement but I was still discomfited when I saw Yawning Bread’s blog post on their sign. Don’t feel like linking it but a Google search will probably be useful. Firstly, I felt that a big deal was made about the whole use vs usage error (while wrong, I didn’t think it was all that big a deal. I am now sure that someone will thus blame me for the deteriorating English language in Singapore because as an EL teacher, how could I say this mistake is no big deal?!) simply to mock the committee. Secondly, although it was not explicitly mentioned, I assumed the whole competition was about looking for the more egregious mistakes in signs and not to be overly nit-picky about grammar. Thirdly, the tone of the post was really condescending. It read like the author clearly sees himself as having superior language skills in comparison to the unwashed masses who reside in Singapore. It is from that vantage point that he points out all our short-comings and bemoans how we will never improve.

Despite our government’s best efforts, not all of us are going to have the same high level of English competency and I don’t see how it is useful to mock or humiliate these people. At work too, there are teachers who are just not as comfortable with the language as I am but that doesn’t mean I need to tear apart their emails to point out their “mistakes”. What would be the point of this? I suppose I could easily turn my blog into some sort of language police blog in which I go round correcting signs and other forms of communications in English and I could justify it by saying I’m just trying to help those who read my blog improve their language skills. But really, I would be doing it simply because I can, because my language skills is just that much better than yours.

I guess it was the last paragraph that annoyed me the most.

These examples show how much an uphill task it is to improve English in Singapore. The problem stems from the fact that very few here are native speakers. With assiduousness, we can learn the vocabulary and the grammatical rules, but the subtleties of idiomatic usage can only be acquired if one is immersed among people who use the language idiomatically. And we don’t have that environment in Singapore. The compensatory route is to read, but that might be too much to ask for in this day and age.

When we talk of using the language idiomatically, we need to realise that different speakers use the language differently. Idiomatic usage of language also varies. Thus, why do Singaporeans need to learn idiomatic usage of non-Singaporeans? We learn the idiomatic usage of the language as it is used in our society because that is most useful to us. When you live overseas, you too will naturally learn how idiomatically the English language is used in that country. Simply because we do not speak English the way the English do (and, really, what way is that?), doesn’t make our English bad. Our English just doesn’t command as much symbolic power as American English perhaps.

We all need to remember that language is always evolving and prescriptive grammar isn’t always the way to go. Idiomatic expressions come and go. What was unacceptable before can easily become acceptable today. Cambridge still sees the use of ‘but’, ‘and’ and ‘also’ in the beginning of sentences as being ungrammatical (and I know because they are constantly complaining about it in their markers’ report) but look around us and we see many authors using it in published fiction. Are they poor language users? Splitting the infinitive was once considered a horrendous grammar mistake. Ending your sentences with a preposition was also wrong.

However, things change. People, not machines, use the language and they bring with them their own cultures, experiences and idiosyncrasies and language changes to accommodate such things. Why is English so widespread today? Simply because it is malleable to change and thus is able to reflect the experiences and the culture of its speakers. This is how countries are able to embrace the English language. A language that is set in its rules and brooks no change will always be foreign to many who are unable to mould it to fit their lives, which would then make the language of no use or value to these people.


SGEM thoughts

And now for a more serious post which is probably lacking in organisation and maybe, coherency.

[I am writing this based on my memory of what I have learnt over my years in NUS and after. My facts / ideas / concepts may be completely inaccurate but seeing that (a) this is my personal journal, (b) I really should be marking my exam scripts and (c) I am too lazy and tired to re-read Bourdieu and other related works again, I'm not double checking my work. I may review this post again in the future when I have time to revise these concepts.]

While, in general, I appear to view the whole SGEM thing with disapproval, I have to admit that I do this from a position of privilege. Fortunately, I am able to speak and write Standard English generally well and thus, I have all the perks and privileges that come with this. In all honesty, I have an ambivalent attitude towards the whole SGE Movement. I cannot wholeheartedly support it because I don’t like what it stands for yet I cannot condemn it completely either because I understand where it is coming from.

When I was in NUS completing my English Language degree, one of the most fascinating courses I took was on sociolinguistics where I first heard of Bourdieu and the idea that language has symbolic power. Of everything I learnt in NUS, this was the one thing that has changed the way I view the world and language in particular. I’ve been somewhat fascinated by studies on power since.

I firmly believe that no one dialect or language is innately superior to another. It is very silly when people start to argue that Singlish is a worse / poorer / less beautiful / less effective language than Std British English. Such arguments are really all arbitrary. We speak in different contexts and in these different contexts, the various languages and dialect all have varying degrees of power. If I were speaking at a paper sharing session in an educational conference, my ability to use academic English gives me legitimacy and power. It makes people listen to me and if I am able to produce academic English at a higher level than another person, I come across as being smarter etc. On the other hand, at my local wet market, academic English has lower symbolic power. Using academic English gives me no advantage at all when dealing with the people at the market. Instead, if I use the language with has greater symbolic power in that field, maybe a Chinese dialect, then I would have symbolic power in that context.

Many people like to assume that linguistic competence is something that is freely available to everyone, something Bourdieu refers to as the “illusion of linguistic communism”. Sadly, the reality is that linguistic competence is a result of the opportunities given to the child, and that both economic and social situations can affect a person’s linguistic competence. Thus, when a dialect is adopted by those in power as the “official language”, it really is a means of managing power. When the Singapore government denounces Singlish and pushes Standard English (whatever it is to them) as the legitimate language in Singapore, they are really establishing a class divide in Singapore.

The less fortunate Singaporeans who may have no access to English tuition or are born into non-Standard-English-speaking backgrounds will find themselves at a huge disadvantage. If you cannot speak the legitimate language, you will find that no one listens to you. No one pays attention to you. And a lot of the time, those who do not have command of Standard English simply decide to keep quiet and silence themselves and often have no trouble stigmatizing their own form of communication, further cementing their lack of power in society. In contrast, those who are born in the higher classes (or are English-speaking foreigners) will have at their finger tips a language competency that gives them significant advantages in Singapore.

Thus, when we buy into this by attempting to shed ourselves of Singlish and work towards speaking the Std English the government wishes, we are also helping them consolidate their power. As long as we all aim to produce Std English, we allow those in power to remain in power as we implicitly support their symbols of power. This is partly why I find it difficult to support the SGE Movement in Singapore.

In schools, we teach a “correct” form of English Language and when we do this, we strip power from the students who are unable to approximate this “correct” form of the English Language. We legitimize the “correct” language through failing those who do not conform and rewarding those who do. And when we do that, we undermine and minimise the experiences and the knowledge of those who do not speak the right language, marginalising them even more in the school, leading to an unequal playing field. Thus those who start out disadvantaged linguistically may find their educational opportunities abruptly cut short (because it is very difficult to move on to post-Secondary education in the polytechnics or JC without an O-level pass in English).

Yeah so language is more than just a means of communication.


Retro Party and other Random Stuff

It seems that my school’s grad night this year is going to have a theme – retro. I can’t decide if I should be sporting and dress the part or just ignore it, as I know some teachers might. I don’t think I have anything retro in my cupboards. Sigh.

Just finished watching the Arsenal match. I wonder if it was a special match or something. At any rate, it was nice to see Henry at the game. It was an interesting game though with 8 goals altogether. The commentator seemed to be watching a different match though. I think I must make the effort to catch all Arsenal matches this season. I doubt I’d be getting mioTV and I might not get the chance to see Arsenal in action after this. If mioTV gets the rights for the World Cup, I will be most annoyed.

I also watched Merlin and Smallville today. Both were pretty entertaining. I like the new season of Smallville generally although there are aspects that still annoy me. Still, this week’s episode was pretty cool. I know people were happy that Superman (I cannot call him the Blur) defeated Metallo with his brains but I wish there was more fighting. Merlin also needs more sword fights or jousting. Those are always fun to watch. None of that in this week’s episodes and that Mordred kid is really creepy. Just the same, Merlin is always silly enough, full of silly plot holes and completely cheesy enough to make me smile.

I still haven’t managed to get JK to help me sort out my comics though. They’re everywhere and I don’t know what to do with them! Was also quite tempted to pick up Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2 but it costs a whopping $78! Must think about it a bit more. Why do I have such expensive hobbies? At least next season I won’t have to fork out $20+ per month for the Football Channel.

Oh and I read the latest Six Lives episode. It was even more boring than the previous one. Want something to read online? You can do better than Six Lives. My favourite website,  TV Tropes, is brilliant. It will probably suck your life away though.



Similes? Really?

Warning: Completely random and disorganised thoughts on Six Lives, that SGEM soap opera.

Because the best way to a man’s heart is to improve their English. Oh Six Lives. Are there really people like you out there? Now that they have added Norman, it looks like they are planning to pair everyone up. Why? Maybe MCYS is meddling in this as well. Why on earth would the sister have a crush on Singlish guy? And fridge magnets – I’ll show you mine and you show me yours? Perhaps they are a metaphor for something. I think we have a lesson coming up! It’s almost the halfway line and it’s still so boring. Umm, why do I read it then? Professional interest. And it gives me something to blog other than squeeing over Merlin / Smallville. Oh and Jamie Oliver looks like he put on even more weight on that magazine cover. And of course, the obligatory post on how reading improves your English. The one thing I’m curious about in this psuedo-soap, no one tells me. How did Hui Leng find out about the loss of John’s job?



Six Lives

So, someone asked me about what I thought of the SGEM’s online drama, Six Lives. Since I’ve read all the 3 episodes up so far, I figured I would note down my thoughts on it.

  • It appears to be an interesting concept. I was somewhat intrigued by the first two episodes but I felt the 3rd one was quite bland.
  • I don’t really like English lessons interspersed inside things I read, although I understand why they are there. Perhaps there are others who would learn from these mini-lessons.
  • I like how Singlish-guy has perfect spelling. (Ok, not really. It just amuses me. I think he might spell better than me.)
  • The story so far, really isn’t all that exciting. So two of them are getting married and their friends are helping out in the planning. Yeah … that’s about it. Sure there are some tiny conflicts here and there but hey, it’s episode 3 already and nothing much has happened aside from some minor grumblings from the poor, I-can’t-tell-my-bride-anything groom. Doesn’t make me want to follow them. Doesn’t make me care about what happens to them. I’ll probably read the other episodes only if I am really bored.
  • I still fail to see how this shows me the intoxicating-ness of the English language. I suppose I am impressed by how all of them write in perfect standard English and even bother to correct one another but it’s not really inspiring me to improve my English or my communication skills (but then again, I am not the target audience I suspect). Maybe the intoxicating will come when the Singlish guy writes his poem for the wedding.
  • What I think should be most worrying is the lack of anything in the Singapore blogosphere about Six Lives. A quick google only comes up with 3 pages of results, mostly from the Six Lives’ blogs and the SGEM website. If no one is talking about it, doesn’t that suggest that (a) no one is reading or (b) no one cares? Or maybe everyone is interacting on Facebook and Twitter.

Overall, I  guess it is a good effort to gain the attention of their target age group. It does use the tools that many of them are familiar with. I should ask my students if they have heard of Six Lives.

Perhaps it will appeal to some people. Perhaps it might even encourage them to examine their own command of the language and seek to improve on it.

Personally, I think the reason people need to learn Standard English and be able to use it well, isn’t so we can communicate better. We all communicate well enough without Standard English and communication is dependent on more than just the words or sentences we spout. We need to learn Standard English because of the symbolic power it has.

Nocturne has his own take on Six Lives here.