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A Stuck Handbrake

This tip is actually 7 tips all parceled up in an anecdote. There have been many posts about a handbrake being stuck and refusing to disengage. Here’s a story that happened to me a few days ago. I was installing a brand new copy of X-Plane on a new machine. The latest released version – NOT a beta version. This was the most basic of installations – I simply downloaded the installer with a minimal amount of scenery. Once the installation had completed and the introductory tutorial had automatically started, I listened to Austin for a few moments and then skipped the rest of the introductory tutorial. I then shut down X-Plane and restarted it, fully expecting everything to work perfectly.

To my annoyance, when I began the first flight with the Cessna 172 Skyhawk, starting with all engines running, the handbrake would not release. There have been many posts about such weird behaviour so I began the usual search for the offending settings.

  • Tip 1 – The first and obvious thing was to press the [B] key or the [V] key while looking at the handbrake in the virtual cockpit. Nothing happened. Moving the mouse over the handbrake changed the icon to the hand symbol as expected, but clicking it had no effect.
  • Tip 2 – The next thing was simply to shut X-Plane down and restart it. Back in the cockpit, the handbrake was still stuck. At this point, I want to emphasize that this was an absolutely virginal download, with nothing extra installed and nothing configured at all.Next, I decided to shut X-Plane down and reboot the computer itself. No joy.I then tried shutting down again, but this time shutting the computer down completely [instead of just rebooting] and killing the power to the PC. After waiting 30 seconds or so for any stored charge in the machine to dissipate, I restarted the computer and restarted explain. Nope, the handbrake was still stuck.
  • Tip 3 – In the virtual cockpit, looking down at the pedals, I pressed each pedal down and watched the pedal image follow my physical movement. Pressing both pedals down and releasing will usually disengage the handbrake in X-Plane. Not this time. (By the way, on a first installation you sometimes need to reverse the pedal movement axis – you can see if this needs reversing by simply looking at the pedals in the virtual cockpit while depressing them) reverse axis.jpg
  • Tip 4 – The next step was to see whether a button on one of the controllers had been somehow bound to the handbrake. The usual shortcut to release the handbrake is the [B] key – break normally on, or the [V] key – break fully on – Parking brake. So I started looking for some control bound to one of those keys. No luck. Settings Joystick.jpgI checked every single button on the yoke and the throttle quadrant. Nothing was bound to [B] or [V]. I then repeated the process checking for every single switch. No luck.
  • Tip 5 – Next, I had a look at the key bindings themselves. In the Settings –> Keyboard section I selected the “Currently Assigned” filter and scrolled down to the basics section, looking for the two “toggle brakes” key bindings.
    key bindings.jpg
    They appeared to be correct [b and v].
  • Tip 6 – Next, I went to look again at the control buttons and switches, this time flipping each switch and clicking each button and checking on the joystick screen that the buttons were actually functional. No errors there.
  • Tip 7 – Now having checked all that I could think of to check, I started scratching my head. What what’s going on? The only thing that remained in my mind was that somewhere somehow some erroneous piece of data must have been stuck in some memory cache somewhere. So I decided to change aircrafts. I loaded up the C172 digital G1000 instead, and tried the handbrake again. It worked perfectly! I then shut X-Plane down, and restarted again with the original C172 analog skyhawk – and lo and behold, the handbrake worked correctly!  So this non-intuitive tip is a simple one. If all else fails, load a different aircraft. X-Plane should then load that aircraft’s settings instead. Then reload the original aircraft again.
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External Visuals Sync

Many X-Plane pilots who have built themselves physical cockpits sometime use an older version of X-Plane to ensure consistency. If you use a multi-PC system with a Master Computer (usually showing just the cockpit) and one or more slave computers (displaying exterior views), then you are almost certain to be irritated by the ground vehicles, AI aircraft, Jetways and even X-Plane-populated static aircraft that do not sync correctly between different screens. A ground vehicle in the way on one screen and not in another view is a constant source of annoyance which really breaks immersion.
For such systems, the download and installation of the newly released X-Plane 12.3.0 is almost mandatory. Why? Because according to Laminar’s Marco Auer:

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External visuals in X-Plane are now smoother and more consistent than ever. In version 12.3.0, we’ve improved synchronisation across multi-PC setups — not just for the aircraft, but also for ground vehicles, boats, jetway extensions and static aircraft.

Read all about it here: https://www.x-plane.com/2025/09/whats-new-in-12-3-0/

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X-Plane Safe Mode

Did you know that X-Plane has a Safe Mode option?

If you hold down image.jpeg while clicking the X-Plane.exe start file, you get this screen (whether or not you crashed last flight):

image.jpeg

This safe mode allows you to start X-Plane using the Default rendering options rather than your carefully tweaked rendering options. If you click the “Use Default Rendering Options” button, X-Plane will load using the default graphics settings.
Because safe mode does not change your rendering settings, the next time X-Plane starts, it will use your custom settings again.

On purpose of this “safe mode” is to help get X-Plane started if an add-on that changes X-Plane’s visual graphics settings causes a crash.
The other purpose is to allow you to compare your customized setting experiments with the default values.

Note this does not have any effect on the graphics driver settings you may have customized. Safe mode only affects the values set in X-Plane’s Settings –> Graphics page

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Autopilot Disconnections

In the most commonly flown GA aircraft – the C172 Skyhawk – fitted with the S-TEC 55, there is an annoying behaviour which can catch the most seasoned X-Plane pilot unawares:

The autopilot is supposed to be “left in peace” when engaged, and disconnected (via a button on the yoke) before making manual corrections.

However, the autopilot is often sufficiently “forgiving” that we get lazy and sometimes make a manual course adjustment with the yoke, without disconnecting the autopilot. The autopilot will then “fight” you by opposing your action, and then happily just carry on once you have released the yoke. We often try this when we see that the wind has blown us a little off-track and we want to briefly move left or right and then allow the autopilot to resume our course.

This works fine, until it doesn’t. At some point the autopilot stops fighting our manual input and simply disconnects. The problem is that unless we are watching the STEC-55 display we will not see that the autopilot has disconnected. This can have a disturbing result when we release the yoke and expect the autopilot to resume course.

The autopilot often disconnects without warning:

  • If you override the heading by trying to turn too sharply
  • If you override the heading too long
  • If you move the throttle so that your speed approaches a stall
  • If you pitch up too steeply

The problem is that you never quite know what you can “get away with”

Moral of the story… Always disconnect the autopilot before making manual changes and trim the aircraft before restoring the autopilot.

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Flying Straight in a C172

Most single-prop pilots are keenly aware of the veering to the left when starting the take-off run. The prop-wash effect is clearly understood and well simulated in X-Plane.

But the problem of not flying straight when in flight is a different matter. For all those who are agonizing about how to prevent a Cessna 172 from veering off to the left or right when cruising, there is a very important recent thread on X-Plane.org with loads of good information about this matter. Take particular note of @skycycle’s post on the subject.

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Basic repairs – The preferences folder

To fix X-Plane problems, first remove all plugins that you might have installed in the Plugins folder. REMOVE them right out of the X-Plane file tree entirely, don’t just disable them. Move them to a different drive or to the desktop.

If that does not help, move the …\output\preferences folder out of the main X-Plane folder stack and place it on another drive or on the desktop. Unplug any USB controllers. Restart the computer.

The next time X-Plane is started, it will detect that no preference (.prf) files are present and rebuild them using X-Plane default values. Once X-Plane loads, immediately quit and shut the computer down.

Plug in the USB controllers again and start the computer.

You will have to re-calibrate any joysticks or yokes before flying.

See if your problem is solved. If not, check some of the other tips in the “Troubleshooting” section.

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X-Plane Product Key and Laminar Identity

There seems to be a recurring confusion between product keys and the Laminar Identity when activating a copy of X-Pane 12.

If you have registered for a laminar identity, your Product Key is converted into an identity and you can activate X-Plane with your newly created User Name and Password associated with your identity. If you have not created a Laminar identity yet, you can activate X-Plane using your product key. If you have created an identity then the product key does not seem to work and you HAVE to activate using your identity.

If you have lost your product key, click here

For more information, there is a long thread on X-Plane.org here which should answer all your activation questions

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Complete Graphics Driver Removal

If you run X-Plane on a Windows Operating System and you change your graphics card, you want to make sure that every trace of the drivers for the “old” card are completely removed from both your file system and the Windows registry. Before installing new drivers for the new card, just uninstalling the drivers manually using Control Panel will not sanitize your computer entirely. To make sure that your computer is “clean” before installing your new card, download a utility called DDU – Display Driver Uninstaller. It’s freeware from a company by the name of Wagnardsoft.
I tend to be very cautious about freeware windows cleanup tools, but this one is an industry standard with the apparent backing of both Nvidia and Intel.

The official Nvidia game drivers support site publishes this description of DDU:

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Display Driver Uninstaller is a driver removal utility that can help you completely uninstall AMD/NVIDIA/INTEL graphics card drivers and packages from your system, trying to remove all leftovers (including registry keys, folders and files, driver store). The AMD/NVIDIA/INTEL video drivers can normally be uninstalled from the Windows Control panel, this driver uninstaller program was designed to be used in cases where the standard driver uninstall fails, or when you need to thoroughly delete NVIDIA and ATI video card drivers. The current effect after you use this driver removal tool will be similar as if its the first time you install a new driver just like a fresh, clean install of Windows. As with any tool of this kind, we recommend creating a new system restore point before using it, so that you can revert your system at any time if you run into problems.

To download the software, click here. Choose the portable version so that it doesn’t create even more registry entries.

To uninstall the “old” Graphics Driver from your system using the Display Driver Uninstaller (DDU) software, follow these instructions (produced by Intel): 

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  1. Download the latest version of the software.
    • If you download the Installer, run it, it will create a shortcut on the desktop. 
    • If you download the Portable/ self-extracting version, look for the executable and extract it. Remember the path. 
  2. Reboot into Windows* safe mode. (Refer to Start your PC in safe mode in Windows.)
  3. Look for the shortcut on the desktop (step 1.1) or the extract path chosen (step 1.2.1) and run theDDU executable.
  4. Click Close in the Options window.
  5. Select device type to GPU and select device to the one you want to remove. If you are doing a clean-up, you can choose all GPUs.
  6. Click Clean and restart or Clean and Shutdown depending on your needs.
  7. Wait for the software to finish the process. It will automatically reboot Windows to the typical mode or shutdown the system.
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Multiple Log.txt files

Most people know that when X-Plane has a problem and you need help, the first thing you are asked for is the log.txt which is easily found in the main parent X-Plane folder.
But did you know that in the latest versions of X-Plane 12 there is another “buried” folder which contains the previous four log.txt files (time-stamped in the filename) as well as the last four ATC log files. This can be very useful in ascertaining whether a fault was random or consistent.

The Windows path to this folder is usually C:\X-Plane 12\Output\Log Archive

The MAC path to this folder is usually /Applications/X-Plane 12/Output/Log Archive

The Linux path to this folder is usually ~/X-Plane 12/Output/Log Archive

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Shader cache – the real story

With depressing regularity someone will suggest that deleting the shader cache is a cure-all for graphics anomalies and should be a regular part of X-Plane housekeeping.

The short answer is “No it isn’t” and “No it shouldn’t be”.
Don’t bother to delete the shader cache – it won’t fix anything

The long answer is buried in a long-buried discussion conducted over a year ago on X-Plane.org. Go to this link – it’s page 3 of a long thread about Public Beta 12.2.0-b4. Read the explanations (various posts) written by @JustSid (Sidney Just – Laminar’s graphics technical guru) – who is really the ultimate authority on this matter.